In Kerala’s key rubber-growing regions, farmers face a troubling twin threat: Mupli beetles (Luprops tristis) and plant-harming fungi. These darkling beetles gather in huge numbers sometimes millions near plantations and homes, releasing a skin-irritating chemical when crushed that can blister skin and inflame eyes. They feed on fallen rubber leaves, then enter buildings for shelter, disrupting daily life.

At the same time, damp monsoon conditions help fungi like Phytophthora meadii spread, causing rubber tree leaves to fall prematurely. This leaf loss hampers photosynthesis and can cut latex output by up to 35%. Without timely action, infected trees suffer long-term damage, affecting both yield and farm income. 

Researchers also point to ambrosia beetles such as Xylosandrus crassiusculus, which carry fungi like Fusarium oxysporum into plant stems. These fungi decay wood faster, further weakening trees. 

Farmers are urged to clear fallen leaves, monitor for pest build-up, and use approved fungicides before monsoons. These combined measures can protect trees and reduce beetle infestation. Experts also call for research into eco-friendly fungus control and better waste practices to safeguard Kerala’s vital rubber estates.