Parachutes are engineered to dramatically increase air resistance (drag), slowing down descent by reducing a jumper’s terminal velocity. The broad canopy surface catches air molecules, creating upward drag that balances gravity’s downward pull.

Classic round canopies resemble domes and efficiently open, making them a staple in cargo drops and emergency scenarios. They generate high drag but typically swing during descent.

Modern ram-air parachutes (often rectangular or tapering into elliptical shapes) operate like low-aspect-ratio wings. Each cell inflates to form an airfoil, allowing glide, steering control, and stability.

Square or cruciform designs - used in military models - further limit oscillations and reduce landing injuries by minimizing swinging motion. Air vents or sliders slow inflation shock and prevent canopy collapse.

Shape also affects descent speed: larger surface areas yield more drag, decreasing terminal velocity by up to 90%, enabling safer, slower landings around 5–6 m/s.

 Why This Shape Works

• Large canopy area maximizes drag to counteract gravity.

• Airfoil (wing-like) cross-sections enable gliding and steering.

• Vents and design tweaks reduce oscillation and insurance shock.

• Material and panel layouts ensure reliable, consistent inflation.

In short: parachutes are shaped the way they are because that shape best harnesses air resistance to slow descent, improve control, and ensure safe landings.