On July 25, 2025, Thailand imposed martial law in eight districts bordering Cambodia—seven in Chanthaburi Province (including Mueang Chanthaburi, Tha Mai, Makham, Laem Sing, Kaeng Hang Maew, Na Yai Am, Khao Khitchakut) and one in Trat Province, Khao Saming. The move came as deadly clashes erupted over a long-standing boundary dispute centered around ancient Hindu temples such as Ta Muen Thom and Preah Vihear.

The escalation began on July 24 with artillery, rocket strikes, and drone surveillance around Ta Muen Thom, reportedly triggering firefights. Thailand accuses Cambodian forces of firing BM‑21 rockets at civilian targets including a petrol station and hospital, while Cambodia claims Thailand breached its sovereignty by occupying areas near the temple and deploying wire fencing.

By the second day, Thai authorities reported 14 civilian deaths and one soldier killed, with dozens wounded, and over 138,000 people evacuated in Thailand alone. Cambodian officials reported civilian casualties and thousands more displaced in Oddar Meanchey province.

Thailand’s acting Prime Minister Phumtham Wechayachai warned the conflict could “develop into war” if Cambodia did not cease hostilities. Meanwhile, ASEAN, the UN Security Council, and major powers such as the U.S., China, and France have urged both countries to de‑escalate and return to diplomacy.