Pen drives remain a quintessential tool in our digital lives portable, reliable, and evolving. The latest marvel: a compact device weighing just 30 grams capable of storing up to 2 TB of data a quantum leap from the early GB-sized sticks. This remarkable capacity is achieved thanks to 3D NAND flash memory, where memory cells are stacked vertically, boosting density without expanding size.

Inside every flash drive lies a microcontroller that manages data transfer and error correction, while cleverly designed Flash Translation Layers (FTL) ensure even wear across memory blocks extending device lifespan. Rooted in NAND architecture, data is read and written in small pages, but erased only in larger blocks ensuring efficient storage even at these high capacities.

From being novelty accessories to indispensable storage companions, pen drives have come a long way transforming how we carry music, photos, videos, and backups in the palm of our hands. This tiny device symbolizes not just storage, but the rapid pace of technological innovation.