Indian refiners are undertaking a significant overhaul of their crude-oil supply chain in response to fresh U.S. sanctions targeting Russia’s largest producers, Rosneft and Lukoil.
These sanctions threaten to sever direct sourcing from these firms—historically major suppliers of discounted Russian oil to India—especially for large private refiners like Reliance Industries and Nayara Energy.

In the short term, state-run refiners and retailers are expected to absorb the cost impact of migrating to replacement crude grades from the Middle East, Latin America or the U.S. This shift could increase import bills and reduce refining margins. For consumers the impact appears muted for now—fuelpreneurs and state firms are cushioning the change. 
Strategically, the move signals India’s recalibration of its energy policy under geopolitical pressure. The refiners’ ability to transition will be tested in the coming months as contractual, logistical and cost factors converge. The era of discounted Russian crude may be drawing to a close—and India’s energy import strategy is being rewritten.