Launched in February 2019, the Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi (PM-KISAN) scheme has become a cornerstone of India's agricultural support system. Designed to provide financial assistance to farmers, it has now completed five years, benefitting millions and significantly influencing rural livelihoods.

PM-KISAN has disbursed over ₹3.45 lakh crore to more than 11 crore farmers as of October 2024. Initially targeting small and marginal farmers with landholdings up to 2 hectares, the scheme was later expanded to include all landowning farmers, ensuring broader coverage. Eligible farmers receive ₹6,000 annually in three equal installments through the Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) mechanism, a global benchmark for transparency and efficiency.

The scheme has stimulated rural economies, with approximately 52% of funds directed toward agricultural investments, such as seeds and fertilizers. Other uses include household needs, education, and medical expenses, demonstrating its versatility in alleviating financial pressures. Studies highlight increased food grain production and farm incomes in areas where PM-KISAN operates, showcasing its role in enhancing productivity.

Despite its success, challenges persist. Some eligible farmers face exclusion due to technology access barriers and digital literacy gaps. To address this, the government has committed to improving data verification and streamlining enrollment processes. Efforts to minimize exclusion errors are crucial as digital infrastructure continues to play a pivotal role in scheme execution.

Looking ahead, the government has allocated ₹60,000 crore for the 2024-25 fiscal year to strengthen PM-KISAN further. These investments aim to refine beneficiary management systems and enhance the scheme's effectiveness in fostering sustainable agriculture and farmer welfare.

In five years, PM-KISAN has established itself as a transformative policy for India's agricultural sector. Its ability to bolster rural economies and improve farmers’ quality of life underscores its significance in shaping the nation’s agricultural future.