India has adopted diverse investment models to boost economic growth and infrastructure development. Among them, Public-Private Partnership (PPP) is widely used in roads, airports, and urban transport. Under PPP, private entities share risks and profits while delivering public services efficiently.

The Engineering, Procurement, and Construction (EPC) model involves government-funded projects where the contractor builds the infrastructure, minimizing delays. The Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) model allows private players to recover costs through tolls before handing over assets to the government.

India has attracted massive Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), thanks to reforms and liberalization. Sectors like telecom, retail, and defence have seen rising FDI inflow.

The National Investment and Infrastructure Fund (NIIF) acts as a collaborative investment platform for global and domestic investors.

To boost manufacturing, India introduced the Production Linked Incentive (PLI) Scheme in electronics, pharma, and textiles. The Green Hydrogen Mission and Startup India further reflect India's shift towards clean energy and innovation-led growth.

Together, these models play a critical role in transforming India into a $5 trillion economy.