At the recent India‑Russia Working Group on Modernization and Industrial Cooperation meeting, the two nations expanded their partnership beyond conventional energy and defense. Discussions focused on strategic collaboration to boost extraction of critical minerals—including copper, lithium, nickel, cobalt, and rare earth elements—vital for clean energy technologies such as electric vehicles, battery production, and renewable infrastructure.

India and Russia didn't stop there. They also explored underground coal gasification, an advanced method of converting coal into cleaner gaseous fuel underground, along with initiatives to develop modern industrial infrastructure in areas like aerospace, additive manufacturing, and digital tech.