The Vice President of India is the country’s second-highest constitutional office. Elected by members of both Houses of Parliament via a secret ballot under proportional representation, the VP serves for five years, though may continue until the successor assumes office.

Key responsibilities include acting as the ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha (upper house), moderating its proceedings, maintaining order during sessions, and casting a deciding vote in case of a tie. If the President’s office is vacant due to death, resignation or removal or if the President is temporarily unable to perform duties, the Vice President steps in as Acting President, with full powers, privileges and salary.

The Vice President must be at least 35 years old, an Indian citizen, and qualified to be elected as a Rajya Sabha member; cannot hold an office of profit.

Though largely ceremonial in many of their duties, this position plays a critical balancing role in legislative procedure, constitutional continuity, and ensuring stability in times of vacancy in the presidency.