Scientists have long believed that dark matter holds galaxies together and dark energy drives the universe’s expansion. Together, these mysterious components are thought to make up 95% of the cosmos. But a new study by Rajendra P. Gupta, physics professor at Ottawa University, suggests a bold alternative: they may not exist at all.

Gupta’s CCC+TL model proposes that the laws of physics themselves slowly change over time. Constants like gravity and the speed of light may shift as the universe ages, producing effects that mimic dark matter and dark energy without requiring any invisible particles. These effects, called α-effects, are small near stars but become significant in sparse regions of space, explaining why stars in outer galaxies orbit faster than expected.

Testing his model using SPARC galaxy rotation data, Gupta found it accurately predicted star motions using just one parameter per galaxy. The model could also explain galaxy formation, black hole growth, and cosmic expansion.

If confirmed, this theory could reshape physics and astronomy, showing that the universe is governed by changing cosmic laws, not unseen forces.