Researchers from China and Hong Kong have successfully trialed microscopic robot swarms—each smaller than a human hair—to treat sinus infections in pigs and rabbits, heralding a potential revolution in non-antibiotic therapies.

Inserted through the nostrils and navigated via electromagnetic guidance, these micro‑robots can be heated by light to penetrate thick pus, destroy bacterial cell walls, and generate reactive oxygen species that eradicate infection—all without damaging surrounding tissues. Once the treatment is complete, the tiny machines are naturally expelled through the nasal passages.

Published in Science Robotics, the study demonstrated clear infection removal in animal subjects, positioning the technology as a promising alternative to conventional systemic antibiotics. Experts suggest this approach could extend to treating infections in organs like the bladder and intestines in the next three to ten years.

Nevertheless, challenges remain—namely ensuring complete removal of all micro‑robots post-treatment and easing public concerns around ingesting ‘robotic particles’ inside the body. Scientists emphasize the need for rigorous safety studies and regulatory frameworks before human trials can begin.

If successfully scaled, this targeted platform could significantly reduce dependence on antibiotics, offering a new chapter in precision medical interventions.