In Parliament, every law begins as a bill. A bill is simply a proposal for a new law or an amendment to an existing one. Once passed by Parliament and approved by the President, it becomes an Act.

Bills are classified in three main ways:

1. By who introduces them:

   • Public Bills (Government Bills): Introduced by ministers, usually reflecting government policies.

   • Private Bills (Private Members’ Bills): Introduced by MPs who are not ministers.

2. By content:

   • Original Bills: Introduce new ideas or policies.

   • Amending Bills: Modify existing laws.

   • Repealing Bills: Remove outdated laws.

   • Constitutional Amendment Bills: Change provisions of the Constitution.

   • Money and Finance Bills: Deal with taxation, spending, and government funds.

3. By procedure:

   • Ordinary Bills: Cover general matters.

   • Money Bills: Focus on taxation and public expenditure; can only be introduced in Lok Sabha.

   • Financial Bills: Related to revenue and expenditure, but broader than Money Bills.

   • Constitutional Amendment Bills: Require a special majority to pass.

Together, these bills ensure India’s democracy adapts to new challenges while protecting constitutional values.