The Uniform Civil Code (UCC), envisioned under Article 44 of the Indian Constitution, proposes a single set of personal laws for all citizens, regardless of religion. Advocates argue it upholds secularism, ensures gender parity—especially in inheritance and divorce—and harmonizes legal processes to strengthen national integration.

Critics counter that India’s rich cultural and religious diversity makes a uniform code impractical. They fear it may erode religious freedom—protected under Articles 25–28—and override deeply rooted traditions . Practical challenges also abound: reaching consensus, ensuring fair representation of minority communities, and managing federal dynamics complicate implementation .

At the state level, Uttarakhand made history by passing its UCC in February 2024—the first of its kind in India—covering marriage, divorce, inheritance, and live-in relationships . Meanwhile, the Gujarat High Court recently upheld the state government’s formation of a UCC drafting committee, emphasizing administrative discretion .

In essence, the UCC represents a constitutional goal with powerful potential for equality and unity—but its realization hinges on sensitive, inclusive, and gradual policymaking.