Countries establish embassies and diplomatic missions in other nations for several vital reasons. Under the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations (1961), embassies are legally protected and diplomats enjoy immunity, ensuring safe and confidential representation abroad.

First and foremost, these missions serve as communication hubs - facilitating negotiation, resolving conflicts, and promoting bilateral cooperation. They also aid in information gathering, keeping governments informed of political, economic, and social developments in host nations .

Consular services form another key function: helping citizens overseas with passports, visas, legal issues, and emergency assistance . Embassies also spearhead cultural and economic diplomacy, organizing events, promoting trade, and sharing cultural heritage .

Finally, the legal protections—such as inviolability of premises and diplomatic immunity - ensure that diplomats can work without coercion . This infrastructure is essential for maintaining peaceful, effective international relations, safeguarding citizens abroad, and presenting national interests abroad.