India generates 350–990 million tonnes of agro-waste every year, but most of it is either burned or left to decompose improperly. This leads to severe air pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, and loss of organic carbon in the soil. To tackle this, experts suggest launching Brown Revolution 2.0, a nationwide movement aimed at restoring soil health.

The plan draws inspiration from the Amul cooperative model, emphasizing a decentralized, rural cooperative system. Agro-waste would be converted into organic products like compost, vermicompost, and biochar, boosting soil fertility while creating rural jobs. By integrating AI-based monitoring systems and carbon credit mechanisms, the process will be efficient, traceable, and economically viable.

Unlike the first Brown Revolution, which focused on leather and coffee in tribal regions, Brown Revolution 2.0 aims to secure long-term food productivity, strengthen climate commitments, and promote sustainable agriculture. By turning waste into wealth, India could transform rural economies while addressing environmental challenges.

This initiative highlights that innovation, cooperation, and sustainability can work together to create a healthier, more productive agricultural system.