India has deployed geologists to Zambia to explore copper and cobalt deposits across 9,000 square kilometers allocated by the Zambian government. The three-year project aims to secure critical minerals essential for India's energy transition, with analysis conducted in Indian laboratories.

Following assessment, India will seek mining leases and may involve private companies. This initiative is part of New Delhi's broader strategy to engage African nations for mineral security, including ongoing discussions with the Democratic Republic of Congo.

India imported 1.2 million metric tons of copper in fiscal 2025, up 4% annually, while cobalt oxide imports rose 20% to 693 metric tons. The country remains almost entirely dependent on mineral imports for its growing technological and infrastructure needs.