A recent study delving into genetic influences highlights how inherited factors interconnect symptoms of ADHD, autism spectrum traits, and anxiety, shaping neurodevelopment from childhood into adulthood. Researchers investigating cohorts including twins and general-population samples found strong heritability for ADHD (‑74–80% genetic influence) and similarly high for autism (‑74–93%).

Genome-wide analyses reveal that the same common genetic variants contributing to ADHD symptoms also influence subclinical autism traits—such as pragmatic language and social-communication challenges—even among those not officially diagnosed . Moreover, twin studies show shared genetic etiology between ADHD’s inattentive/hyperactive behaviors and autism’s social deficits across developmental stages .

Further research using Mendelian randomization indicates ADHD-related genes overlap with those predisposing individuals to anxiety disorders, underscoring complex genetic interplays among neurodevelopmental and internalizing conditions. Twin analyses support this, revealing genetic links between ADHD symptoms and emotional problems, including anxiety, particularly in adolescence and adulthood.

Findings reinforce that ADHD, autism traits, and anxiety are not isolated disorders but part of a continuum shaped by overlapping polygenic risks. Understanding these shared genetic pathways could pave the way for integrated early interventions and personalized treatment approaches for diverse neurodevelopmental profiles.