Researchers at IIT Bombay have developed an innovative solution to combat soil pollution, utilizing bacteria capable of breaking down toxic pollutants while producing essential nutrients. This development, announced through an official release, aims to address the growing concern of environmental contamination.

The team’s study, published in the journal Environmental Technology and Innovation, focused on identifying bacterial species that thrive on hazardous chemicals, especially organic pollutants. These bacteria not only decompose harmful substances but also promote plant growth by enhancing growth hormones, preventing the growth of harmful fungi, and facilitating the availability of vital nutrients for plants. The researchers highlighted that this breakthrough could reduce reliance on chemical pesticides and fertilizers, leading to improved soil health and fertility.

Soil contamination caused by aromatic compounds—organic chemicals with benzene-like structures—presents a significant challenge in agriculture. These toxic compounds, often present in pesticides, herbicides, and industrial by-products, can impede seed germination, stifle plant growth, and reduce crop yields. Furthermore, they accumulate in plant biomass, affecting both agriculture and human health. Conventional methods to address this issue, such as chemical treatments or soil removal, are costly and ineffective in providing long-term solutions.

The research team identified specific bacteria, particularly from the genera Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter, that are adept at breaking down these harmful aromatic compounds. These bacteria, isolated from polluted soil and agricultural fields, transform toxic pollutants into harmless, non-toxic substances, effectively acting as natural soil cleaners, according to Prof. Prashant Phale and PhD researcher Sandesh Papade.