Kerala is facing a significant Hepatitis A outbreak, with over 3,200 confirmed cases and 16 deaths recorded by mid-April 2025. Most affected districts include Ernakulam, Malappuram, Kozhikode, and Thrissur.

Health officials attribute the surge to contaminated water sources—especially during the pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons—when mixing of sewage and drinking water is likely due to leakage in pipelines and inadequate chlorination. One notable cluster emerged near Muvattupuzha in Ernakulam district, where at least 51 cases have been linked to a pre-wedding event served with poorly treated water.

Symptoms commonly include jaundice, nausea, fever, dark urine, abdominal pain, and fatigue, with symptoms appearing between 2–6 weeks post-exposure . While often self-limiting, the disease can be severe—especially for adults with liver conditions, diabetes, or alcoholism.

Authorities have launched containment measures: super-chlorinating water sources, inspecting eateries, urging boiled or bottled water, and ramping up hygiene awareness . Vaccination is also recommended though not yet part of Kerala’s routine immunization program; one dose offers protection after several weeks, and a booster extends immunity for decades .

Public health experts call for long-term infrastructure improvements, such as repairing pipelines, boosting sewage treatment, expanding vaccination, and ensuring safe food and water supply—especially as the unpredictable monsoon season looms.