In the UPSC General Studies papers, multilateral forums like G20, BRICS, and the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) are key topics influencing exam themes. Each platform reflects India’s global repositioning and offers rich material for policy analysis and current affairs.

The G20, comprising major economies, tackles global economic stability, climate change, and financial reforms. It covers around 85% of global output and 75% of trade, making it a crucial reference point for UPSc’s discussions on economic governance and sustainable development .

BRICS—now expanded to ten nations—increasingly pushes for a multipolar world order. It champions reforms in global institutions and enhances financial autonomy, underscoring India’s push for Global South representation, including a call for use of local currencies in trade .

Meanwhile, the SCO plays a central role in regional security and connectivity. As one of the largest regional bodies, it offers India a platform for counter-terrorism cooperation and Central Asian outreach.

For UPSC aspirants, these forums are vital for understanding India’s foreign policy, economic diplomacy, and institutional reforms—topics frequently asked in both Prelims and Mains.