It’s been over 40 years since HIV first shook the world, claiming more than 40 million lives. Today, around 38 million people are still living with the virus. With advanced science and billions in funding, the big question remains-why don’t we have a vaccine yet?

The answer lies in HIV’s nature. Unlike other viruses, HIV is a master of disguise. It keeps mutating, making it nearly impossible for our body’s antibodies-or even advanced vaccines-to recognize and kill it. Past trials targeting different parts of the virus failed because HIV hides within our DNA, escaping detection.

Even modern tools like mRNA vaccines, successful against COVID-19, face limitations with HIV. Over 250 vaccine trials have been attempted, but none have shown long-lasting, strong protection.

Still, there’s hope. Preventive drugs like PrEP and promising monoclonal antibody therapies are helping bridge the gap. Scientists believe an eventual vaccine rollout will prioritize those most at risk, just like with hepatitis B. The challenge ahead is not just creating the vaccine but ensuring global access, especially for low- and middle-income nations.