As Donald Trump prepares to be sworn in as the 47th President of the United States on January 20, Indian H-1B visa holders face mounting anxiety over potential immigration policy changes. Employers and attorneys have urged workers to avoid leaving the U.S., fearing rules might restrict re-entry.

The H-1B visa program, a cornerstone of U.S. STEM and tech industries, allows skilled foreign professionals to work in specialized roles. Indian professionals dominate the program, accounting for 72% of the 386,000 H-1B visas issued in 2023. Despite their contributions, the system has long been criticized for its instability.

During Trump's previous presidency, policies led to increased scrutiny and rejection rates of H-1B applications, with a peak rejection rate of 24% in 2018 compared to 2-4% under Biden. Trump's senior adviser, Stephen Miller, known for his hardline stance on immigration, is expected to continue influencing policies, raising concerns about tighter restrictions.

Indian immigrants, who make up the second-largest immigrant group in the U.S., worry about the impact of potential changes on their lives and careers. Many have taken education loans or built lives in America, relying on dollar salaries to sustain families and repay debts. Changes to the Optional Practical Training (OPT) program, another vital pathway for international students, could further limit opportunities.

Adding to their fears are legal challenges and bureaucratic backlogs. Over 1 million Indians are waiting for green cards, with the backlog projected to exceed 2.19 million by 2030. Many professionals, frustrated by the uncertainties, are exploring alternatives in countries like Canada or Australia.

Despite the hurdles, most H-1B holders remain committed to the U.S. for its high salaries, career opportunities, and quality of life. However, rising xenophobia, coupled with Trump's mixed signals on skilled immigration, leaves them in a precarious state, balancing hope with unease.