Despite consuming meat, fish, and dairy, many face vitamin B12 deficiency due to poor absorption, says Dr. Manjusha Agarwal of Gleneagles Hospital, Mumbai. Conditions like anemia, celiac disease, or Crohn's disease, and long-term use of medications like proton pump inhibitors or metformin, hinder B12 absorption. Aging reduces stomach acid, essential for releasing B12 from food, adds Dr. Narander Singhla of CK Birla Hospital, Delhi.

Overcooking meat or relying on muscle meats over organ meats like liver also lowers B12 intake. Symptoms include fatigue, memory issues, and mood changes. To prevent deficiency, Dr. Singhla recommends a balanced diet with B12-rich foods like seafood, dairy, and fortified cereals. If deficient, consult a doctor for blood tests and possible supplements or injections, advises Dr. Agarwal, cautioning against overuse.