Food allergies are more common than you think: millions of children around the world are now affected. But what happens exactly if a child has a food allergy, and how can you help your child in such a case?

An allergic reaction could be triggered in a child when the immune system mistakenly identifies harmless food as the dangerous invader. Even mild reactions in the past may become very severe the next time. For this reason, it is advisable to avoid allergenic foods completely and keep emergency epinephrine in hand.

The most common food allergens are milk, eggs, peanuts, soy, wheat, tree nuts (such as walnuts and cashews), fish, shellfish (shrimp), and sesame. These cause 90% of all allergic reactions in children. Symptoms can range from mild hives and itching to severe trouble breathing or even passing out. In extreme cases, a life-threatening condition called anaphylaxis can occur.

Food allergies are a different thing altogether from food intolerances. An intolerance causes an individual discomfort like indigestion or gas, whereas an allergy is an immune system response that can be deadly.

The diagnosis of a food allergy usually requires a visit to an allergist. An allergist can help make this diagnosis either with skin tests, blood tests, or with a food challenge. When diagnosed, developing an allergy action plan, as well as obtaining epinephrine, helps in managing the risk.

Keep your child safe by reading the food labels, checking for risks of cross-contamination, and communicating allergies when dining out. The more prepared you are, the better you can protect your child from the dangers of food allergies.