Most modern office cooling systems were designed using formulas developed in the 1960s, based primarily on the metabolic rates of an average 40-year-old, 70-kg man. This male-centric benchmark became the global standard for HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning) systems, leaving little room for gender or physiological diversity.

Research shows that women typically have lower metabolic rates compared to men, meaning they generate less body heat. As a result, office temperatures - often set around 21–22°C - feel uncomfortably cold for many women, whose thermal comfort aligns closer to 24–25°C. Clothing differences also play a role: men’s formal attire usually includes layers like jackets, while women’s office wear is lighter, amplifying the disparity.

This mismatch has sparked debates around inclusivity in workplace design. Experts suggest adopting flexible cooling policies - including localized climate controls, smart thermostats, and dress code adjustments - to ensure thermal comfort for all employees, rather than one outdated “average.”

By rethinking cooling policies, companies can create healthier, more productive workspaces that truly reflect today’s diverse workforce.