India's choice of a national anthem was a decision deeply rooted in unity and representation. On January 24, 1950, Jana Gana Mana, penned by Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore, was officially adopted as India's national anthem. Yet, it wasn't a straightforward choice, as Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay's Vande Mataram had already become a rallying cry during the freedom struggle.

So, why did Jana Gana Mana prevail? While Vande Mataram inspired unparalleled patriotism, its origins in Chattopadhyay's novel Anandamath and its partial Sanskrit lyrics made it controversial for some. Specifically, certain groups, including Muslims, felt the song had strong Hindu overtones, potentially alienating sections of India's diverse population.

In contrast, Jana Gana Mana—written in Bengali but easily adaptable to other Indian languages—carried a secular tone, embodying the inclusivity essential for a newly independent nation. Its lyrics celebrate India's vast geography and diverse cultures, fostering unity. The melody's grandeur and global appeal also made it more suited for formal state occasions.

The Constituent Assembly debated both pieces, eventually opting for Jana Gana Mana. However, Vande Mataram wasn't dismissed entirely; it was given the status of the “national song” to honor its historical significance.